Proses Pencernaan

Proses pencernaan merupakan suatu proses yang melibatkan organ-organ pencernaan dan kelenjar-kelenjar pencernaan. Antara proses dan organ-organ serta kelenjarnya merupakan kesatuan sistem pencernaan. Sistem pencernaan berfungsi memecah bahan- bahan makanan menjadi sari-sari makanan yang siap diserap dalam tubuh.

Berdasarkan prosesnya, pencernaan makanan dapat dibedakan menjadi dua macam seperti berikut.
1. Proses mekanis, yaitu pengunyahan oleh gigi dengan dibantu lidah serta peremasan yang terjadi di lambung.

2. Proses kimiawi, yaitu pelarutan dan pemecahan makanan oleh enzim-enzim pencernaan dengan mengubah makanan yang ber- molekul besar menjadi molekul yang berukuran kecil.

Makanan mengalami proses pencernaan sejak makanan berada di dalam mulut hingga proses pengeluaran sisa-sisa makanan hasil pencernaan. Adapun proses pencernaan makanan meliputi hal-hal berikut.

1. Ingesti: pemasukan makanan ke dalam tubuh melalui mulut.

2. Mastikasi: proses mengunyah makanan oleh gigi.

3. Deglutisi: proses menelan makanan di kerongkongan.

4. Digesti: pengubahan makanan menjadi molekul yang lebih sederhana dengan bantuan enzim, terdapat di lambung.

5. Absorpsi: proses penyerapan, terjadi di usus halus.

6. Defekasi: pengeluaran sisa makanan yang sudah tidak berguna untuk tubuh melalui anus. Saat melakukan proses-proses pencernaan tersebut diperlukanserangkaian alat-alat pencernaan  sebagai berikut.

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One Direction - Kiss You

(Zayn)
Oh I just wanna take you anywhere that you like
We can go out any day any night
Baby I'll take you there, take you there
Baby I'll take you there, there

(Harry)
Oh tell me tell me tell me how to turn your love on
You can get, get anything that you want
Baby just shout it out, shout it out
Baby just shout it out, yeah

(Liam)
And if you
You want me to
Lets make a move, yeah
So tell me girl if everytime we touch

(All)
You get this kinda rush
Baby say yeah a yeah a yeah, yeah a yeah
If you don't wanna take it slow
And you just wanna take me home
Baby say yeah a yeah a yeah, yeah a yeah
And let me kiss you

(Zayn)
Oh baby, baby don't you know you got what I need
Lookin' so good from your head to your feet
C'mon come over here, over here
C'mon come over here, yeah

(Niall)
Oh I just wanna show you off to all of my friends
Makin' them drool down their chiney chin chins
Baby be mine tonight, mine tonight
Baby be mine tonight, yeah

(Liam)
And if you
You want me too

Lets make a move, yeah
So tell me girl if everytime we tou-ou-ouch

(All)
You get this kinda rush
Baby say yeah a yeah a yeah, yeah a yeah
If you don't wanna take it slow
And you just wanna take me home
Baby say yeah a yeah a yeah, yeah a yeah
And let me kiss you

(Zayn)
Let me kiss you
Let me kiss you
Let me kiss you
Let me kiss you

(All)
Na na na na na na na na
Na na na na na na na na
Na na na na na na na na

(Louis)
So tell me girl if everytime we touch

(All)
You get this kinda rush
Baby say yeah a yeah a yeah, yeah a yeah
If you don't wanna take it slow
And you just wanna take me home
Baby say yeah a yeah a yeah, yeah a yeah
And let me kiss you

Everytime we to-ou-ouch
You get this kinda rush
Baby say yeah a yeah a yeah, yeah a yeah
If you don't wanna take it slow
And you just wanna take me home
Baby say yeah a yeah a yeah, yeah a yeah

(Harry)
And let me kiss you

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One Direction - Heart Attack

[ HARRY STYLES ]
Baby, you've got me sick,
I don't know what I did.
Need to take a break to figure it out, yeah.
Got your voice in my head,
Saying let's just be friends,
Can't believe the words came outta your mouth, yeah.
[ ZAYN MALIK ]
I'm trying to be okay,
I'm trying to be alright.
But seeing you with him,
Just don't feel right.
[ EVERYONE ]
And I'm like, oww!
Never thought it'd hurt so bad,
Getting over you-ou.
And, oww!
You're giving me a heart attack,
Looking like you do-oo.
Cause you're all I ever wanted.
Thought you'd be the one and, oww!
You're giving me a heart attack,
Getting over you-ou-ou-ou.
[ LIAM PAYNE ]
Yeah,
Baby, now that you're gone,
I can't stand dumb love songs,
Missing you is all I'm thinking about, yeah.
[ NIALL HORAN ]
Everyone's telling me,
I'm just too blind to see,
How you messed me up,
I'm better off now, yeah.
[ ZAYN MALIK ]
I'm trying to be okay,
I'm trying to be alright.
But seeing you with him,
[- From: http://www.elyrics.net -]

Just don't feel right.
[ EVERYONE ]
And I'm like, oww!
Never thought it'd hurt so bad,
Getting over you-ou.
And, oww!
You're giving me a heart attack,
Looking like you do-oo.
Cause you're all I ever wanted.
Thought you'd be the one and, oww!
You're giving me a heart attack,
Getting over you-ou-ou-ou.

[ LOUIS TOMLINSON ]
Yeah, every time you look like that,
You're giving me a heart attack.
Seeing you with him,
Just don't feel right.
[ EVERYONE ]
And I'm like, oww!
Never thought it'd hurt so bad,
Getting over you-ou.
And, oww!
You're giving me a heart attack,
Looking like you do-oo.
Cause you're all I ever wanted.
Thought you'd be the one and, oww!
You're giving me a heart attack,
Getting over you-ou-ou-ou.
[ ZAYN MALIK ]
You're all I ever wanted.
[ HARRY STYLES ]
Yeaaah, every time you look like that.
[ ZAYN MALIK ]
You're all I ever wanted.
You're giving me a heart attack.
Oww!

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Nama Makanan Dalam Bahasa Jerman

das Brot : Roti

die Pizza : Pizza

der Fisch : Ikan

das Steak : Steak

der Kuchen : Kue

die Torte : Kue Tar

die Wurst : Sosis

die Kekse : Biskuit

die Pommes : Kentang Goreng

die Nudel : Mie

die Suppe : Sup

der Kartoffelsalat : Salat Kentang

das Ei : telur

 

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One Direction - Back For You

Whenever I close my eyes, I picture you there
I’m looking out at the crowd, you’re everywhere
I’m watching you from the stage yeah
Your smile is on every face now
But every time you wake up
You’re hearing me say
Goodbye

Baby, you don’t have to worry
I’ll be coming back for you, back for you, back for
you, you
Lately, I’ve been going crazy
I’ll be coming back for you, back for you, back for
you, you

I’ve never been so into somebody before
And every time we both touch I only want more
So tell me nothing’s going to change yeah
And you won’t walk away yeah
Cause even though every night you’ll know what I’ll say
Goodbye.

Baby, you don’t have to worry
I’ll be coming back for you, back for you, back for
you, you
Lately, I’ve been going crazy
So I’m coming back for you, back for you, back for you,
you

Right back for you
Right back for you
Right back for you

Lately, I’ve been going crazy
So I’m coming back for you
Yeah I am coming back for you yeah

Baby, you don’t have to worry
I’ll be coming back for you, back for you, back for
you, you
Lately, I’ve been going crazy
So I’m coming back for you, back for you, back for you,
you

Right back for you, right back
Right back for you, right back
Right back for you, right back
Right back for you.

Lately, I’ve been going crazy
So I’m coming back for you, back for you, back for you,
you.

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Tahap-Tahap Perjanjian Internasional

Tahap- tahap perjanjian internasional Negara-negara di dunia berpedoman pada Konvensi WINA 1969 tentang Hukum Perjanjian Internasional. Bagi Indonesia selanjutnya diatur dalam Undang-Undang nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional. Tahap-tahap perjanjian internasional menurut konvensi WINA 1969 yaitu:

 

Perundingan (Negotiation). Perundingan merupakan janji tahap pertama antar pihak/ antar Negara tentang objek tertentu. Jika belum pernah ada perjanjian yang dibuat oleh subjek yang akan membuat perjanjian, maka terlebih dahulu diadakan penjajakan (survey) atau pembicaraan pendahuluan oleh masing-masing pihak yang berkepentingan. Dalam melakukan negosiasi, suatu Negara dapat diwakili oleh pejabat Negara dengan surat kuasa penuh (full powers). Negosiasi dapat juga dilakukan oleh kepala Negara, kepala pemerintahan, menteri luar negeri atau duta besar. Jika penjajakan menghasilkan sebuah kesepakatan dan rasa saling percaya, maka proses pembuatan perjanjian internasional memasuki tahap berikutnya, yaitu penandatanganan.

 

Pendatanganan (Signature). Untuk perjanjian yang bersifat bilateral, penandatanganan biasanya dilakukan oleh pera menteri luar negeri atau kepala pemerintahan. Untuk perjanjian yang bersifat multilateral, penandatanganan perjanjian sudah dianggap sah jika 2/3 suara peserta yang hadir memberikan suara, kecuali jika ditentukan lain. Namun demikian, perjanjian belum dapat diberlakukan setiap Negara, sebelum diratifikasi oleh Negara-negara tersebut.

Pengesahan (Ratification). Pengesahan adalah penandatanganan atas perjanjian yang hanya bersifat sementara dan masih harus dikuatkan dengan pengesahan atau penguatan. Ratifikasi merupakan suatu cara yang sudah melembaga dalam kegiatan perjanjian internasional. Adanya ratifikasi memberi keyakinan pada lembaga-lembaga perwakilan rakyat bahwa wakil yang menandatangani perjanjian tidak melakukan hal-hal yang bertentangan dengan kepentingan hukum dan tidak merugikan rakyat. Suatu Negara mengikatkan diri pada suatu perjanjian apabila perjanjian tersebut telah disahkan oleh badan yang berwenang di negaranya.

Perundingan (Negotiatio) Perundingan merupakan perjanjian tahap pertama di antara pihak atau Negara tentang objek tertentu sebelumnya belum pernah diadakan perjanjian. Karena itu, perlu dilakukan penjajakan terlebih dahulu atau pembicaraan pendahuluan oleh setiap pihak yang berkepentingan. Penandatanganan (Signature) Penandatanganan dilakukan oleh para menteri luar negeri atau kepala pemerintahan. Dalam perundingan yang bersifat multilateral, penandatanganan teks perjanjian sudah dianggap sah jika 2/3 suara peserta yang hadir memberikan suara, kecuali jika ditentukan lain. Pengesahan (Ratification) Suatu Negara mengikatkan diri pada suatu perjanjian dengan syarat apabila telah disahkan oleh badan yang berwenang di negaranya.

Original from: http://globalonlinebook.blogspot.com/2010/03/tahap-tahap-perjanjian-internasional.html
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Perundingan (Negotiatio) Perundingan merupakan perjanjian tahap pertama di antara pihak atau Negara tentang objek tertentu sebelumnya belum pernah diadakan perjanjian. Karena itu, perlu dilakukan penjajakan terlebih dahulu atau pembicaraan pendahuluan oleh setiap pihak yang berkepentingan. Penandatanganan (Signature) Penandatanganan dilakukan oleh para menteri luar negeri atau kepala pemerintahan. Dalam perundingan yang bersifat multilateral, penandatanganan teks perjanjian sudah dianggap sah jika 2/3 suara peserta yang hadir memberikan suara, kecuali jika ditentukan lain. Pengesahan (Ratification) Suatu Negara mengikatkan diri pada suatu perjanjian dengan syarat apabila telah disahkan oleh badan yang berwenang di negaranya.

Original from: http://globalonlinebook.blogspot.com/2010/03/tahap-tahap-perjanjian-internasional.html
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One Direction - Change My Mind

The end of the night
We should say goodbye
But we carry on
While everyone’s gone

Never felt like this before-ore
Are we friends or are we more?
As I’m walking towards the door
I’m not sure

But baby if you say you want me to stay
I’ll change my mind
Cause I don’t wanna know I’m walking away
If you’ll be mine
Won’t go, won’t go
So baby if you say you’ll want me to stay, stay for the night
I’ll change my mind.

Lean in when you laugh,
We take photographs
There’s no music on
But we dance along
Never felt like this before-ore
Are we friends or are we more?
As I’m walking towards the door
[ From: http://www.elyrics.net ]
I’m not sure.

But baby if you say you want me to stay
I’ll change my mind
Cause I don’t wanna know I’m walking away
If you’ll be mine
Won’t go, won’t go
So baby if you say you’ll want me to stay, stay for the night

I’ll change my mind.
I’ll change my mind.

Baby if you say you want me to stay
I’ll change my mind
But baby if you say you want me to stay
I’ll change my mind

Cause I don’t wanna know I’m walking away
If you’ll be mine
Won’t go, won’t go
So baby if you say you’ll want me to stay, stay for the night
I’ll change my mind.

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One Direction - C'mon C'mon

Zayn:
C'mon C'mon
The one that I came with, she had to go
But you look amazing standing alone
Naill:
So c’mon c’mon, move a little closer now
C’mon c’mon, it ain't no way of walking out
C’mon c’mon
Harry:
show me what you’re all about
All:
Yeah, I’ve been watching you all night
There’s something in your eyes
Saying c’mon c’mon and dance with me, baby
Yeah, the music is so loud
I wanna be yours now
So c’mon c’mon and dance with me, baby
Naill:
The one that I came with didn’t know how to move
The way that you let your hair down, I can tell that
you do

So c’mon c’mon, move a little closer now
C’mon c’mon, ain't know way of walking out
C’mon c’mon
[ From: http://www.elyrics.net ]
Harry:
show me what you’re all about
All:
Yeah, I’ve been watching you all night
There’s something in your eyes
Saying c’mon c’mon and dance with me, baby
Yeah, the music is so loud
I wanna be yours now
So c’mon c’mon and dance with me, baby

Naill:
Every step I take, I feel it more and more
She’s calling it out, she’s looking good
My heart is racing, she’s turning around
I reach for her hand and I say
Zayn:
Hey, I’ve been watching you all night
All:
There’s something in your eyes
Say c’mon c’mon and dance with me, baby
Yeah, the music is so loud
I wanna be yours now
Saying c’mon c’mon and dance with me, baby
C’mon c’mon, c’mon c’mon

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Narrative Text: Cinderella

Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters.

The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear.

One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.

“Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.

Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she drove in her beautiful coach.

Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.

A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.

Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after.

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